The Saga Of Elian Gonzalez :: essays research papers fc

The Saga of Elian GonzalezMore and more people sail away from Cuba to the United States every division. Theusual reason is to move from Fidel Castro and his rules, although many other reasons atomic number 18obviously important enough for them to risk their lives a reason like trying to escapefrom her ex-husband and landing with tragedy. A choice has to be make while dealingwith all of the Cuban frustration do I live or risk my life along with thirteen others? Among the heart racking events which happen worldwide every year, few flummox comeclose to the well-known saga of Elian Gonzalez and his family.In 1999, many Cubans left Cuba to sail to the United States. The Coast cautionpicked up more than 1,300 rafters more than double the number in 1998. The distancebetween Cuba and the mainland is less than 150 miles(Ramo 62). Most fleeing Cubansmake the trip from Cuba to the States the hoar fashioned way in a rickety craft with weakmotors. A good trip takes about ten hours, while a blighted trip goes on for days. Sailing theAtlantic could be eternal during a storm, as Cubans are swept away. At least sixty peoplehave paid the price of venturing each year(64).Caught up in freedom fever was Elisabet Gonzalez, who had been datingsmall-time Cuban hustler, Lazero Munero, since 1997. During the summer of 1998,Munero and three friends made the trip to America on a tiny boat. That fall he went backto Cuba because he was heartsick from his family and Elisabet. A few months after hisjail release for escaping, he began persuading Elisabet to give him on a second getaway. He also began to advertise the trip to others in their town at one thousand dollars ahead,then he began join up an old boat and envinrude fifty horse power outboard motor. When they set out that Sunday, Munero packed rations of water, bread, cheese, and hotdogs for his fifteen passengers. At four 30 A.M. they set to sea with hopes of arrivingin Miami before the next sunrise. After less than a mile, th e engine failed and Muneroreturned to shore, while passenger Arianne Horta nervously put her five year old daughterback on land. The group, now fourteen strong, set off again the next morning, but thatnight during a storm ripe south of the Florida Keys, the motor failed again. It left the boatmore vulnerable to the tumbling seas. The group decided they would be better off by

Differences and Similarities in Hamlet :: Essays Papers

Differences and Similarities in Hamlet (1) Shakespe ars play Hamlet Titles uses character flaws and strong emotions to highlight strengths and weaknesses in his characters. He likewise uses differences and similarities between characters to force action along the path he intends the story to travel. This technique is called using amazes. The likes or dislikes of one character for other can completely alter the direction of the story. For example, love of a son for his take can be twisted and perverted, with the proper use of characters, into an outlet for hate and revenge. This is a very nice idea for a thesis, provided instead of using Gertrude and Ophelia as foils (See below.), it would have been much better to use Fortinbras, who, like Hamlet, is also a son of a king who has been killed. Gertrude and Ophelia simply do not fit the category of son. (2) An example of foils is Hamlet and Laertes. Which is the foil? They both love their fathers, but their love has been distorted and all they feel now is a need for revenge for their fathers deaths. The need they have for revenge is fueled by their love for the fathers No they lost. However, they pay for this with their lives. They both are honorable men, they both see the errors they made and forgive each other at the end of the play. Hamlet and Laertes are similar in some ways and different in other ways. (3) Laertes blames Hamlet for the death of his father. Poor topic sentence This becomes even worse when Claudius doesnt openly avenge Hamlet because of his popularity. Hamlet knows that Laertes is a good soldier and is loyal to Claudius. These men differ in the way they seek revenge. Laertes, upon arrival and hearing of his fathers death immediately goes to Claudius and seeks justice for his father. On the other hand, Hamlet doesnt show any need for speed at all. He begins to devise an manifold plan of faked mental instability and other ploys to get his way. However, Laertes would not hes itate to take his revenge quickly. This is, perhaps, Laertes most important role as a foil for Hamlet. It should be emphasized more, by showing how Laertes haste brings Hamlets procrastination into the sunlight.

voyage of the damned :: essays research papers

Reaction for Voyage of the Damned     Voyage of the Damned was a frivol away based on the true-life ship, The Saint Louis, which departed from Hamburg, Germany with over 900 Jewish passengers. Their final destination was Havana, Cuba, which is where they would live until they received visas to enter the United States.      Before watching the select we read actual news articles from the voyage and wrote down facts that occurred throughout the couple of months the ship was at sea. Then when we viewed the film was compared the facts from the news articles and "fiction" from the film.     Many of the situations visualized in the film were correlated to the articles. The departure of the ship, the amount of time spent on the ship, the problems with landing in Cuba, the amount of money each person involve to obtain visas, the mans suicide on the ship, and many other facts were accurate when relating this story from f act to "fiction". Overall, when taking into account what we read and what we saw, there were only electric razor differences in concluding which is fact and which is fiction. For example, in the articles, an elderly woman was granted permission to get off the ship when it was docked in Havana. In the movie both young children were granted permission to get off the ship.      Throughout this entire situation in both life and in the movie there were questions that necessary to be answered. One of which was why were 1,000 Jews allowed to leave Germany? When they were on the ship, and werent allowed to land in Havana, why didnt the captain just basically kick them off?

Egyptian Mythology: Enviromental Influences :: Ancient Egypt Egyptian History

Egyptian Mythology Enviromental InfluencesReligion can be thought of as the recognition by human beings of a superhuman occasion that controls the universe and everything that is, was, or shall be in it. Each individual human being can consider that the superhuman control power is a divinity worthy of being loved or capable of inspiring awe, obedience, and even fear. The effect of these feelings on individuals can lead to the setting up of a governing body of worship of the deity and to the drawing up of a code of beliefs and conduct inspired by their religious faith. As all religions follow this, the Egyptians seem to be unique in their beliefs.The Egyptians did not have a true religion they had more of a collection of myths and doctrines, which evolved to suit the worshippers needs. Although many changes were evident in their religion, negate between new and old concepts did not occur. However, their belief system was much more complex and elaborate than that of any other cultu re. A clear primer is not given, but we theorize that environmental conditions play a significant role in their authenticity.It is a truism that the activities of people everywhere are influenced by the conditions under which they live, and religious thought is no exception to this. Before the days of mass communication, an Eskimo, living in cold climate, had no experience of any great heat generated by the sun. His idea of hell, therefore, would be a place of extreme cold. On the other hand, a man living in a scorching climate can only visualize hell as an even hotter place than any with which he has ever had acquaintance with.The Nile River plays an important part in Egyptian mythology. As the Nile flows northward by Egypt, it creates a narrow ribbon of fertile land in the midst of a great desert. The sharp bloodline between the fertility along the Nile and the wasteland of the desert became a basic theme in Egyptian mythology.The Egyptians lived in a river valley, 1200 km lo ng from the Egypt due south border at Aswan to the northern boundary on the Mediterranean, bordered in by ancient river terraces. The only fertile land was that watered by the Nile, which flowed through the valley the rest was desert. Thus, the land in which the Egyptians lived was considered to be the gift of the river. Every

The Joy of Winning Essay -- Narrative Memoir Essays

The Joy of Winning Oh my divinity fudge was exclaimed into my right ear and resonated above everyone in the room. My heart was thumping because I wasnt exactly accredited what was happening. I wasnt excited to be going or even pleased. All I could think about was, What did I get myself into? I shouldnt be here, I dont be this. It all began on one of the most disastrous bus rides I have ever experienced that doesnt include a wreck. I was going to gee Junction for the Western Slope Science Fair. I didnt even care about what I was about to do. I knew my information well enough honourable to get through the day. Then the storm hit us. I looked out the front window of the bus and peered out into the ferocious blizzard. The heater was not operative on the right side window. On top of not being able to see, we had just hit a construction area where I wasnt sure what could be on the road. An hour later than expected, we got out of the bus and headed for the auditorium where we were t o set up our projects. After sprinting inside to keep my board protected from the elements, I walked with my fop participants and set up my project. I didnt care at all about how good my project appeared in the eye of the settle. After I had set up, I got ready to go to lunch, since most of my companions were ready to eat. We all went overmaster to Mesa Malls Food Court where I had sausage pizza that had grease dripping down onto the plate. After I was finished eating, my friend Jimmy had to buy a CD, so we flew down to the FYE Music Emporium. As we ran out to the bus to go back, a hailstorm picked up. The hail felt like a thousand needles striking me at the same time and there was no way that I could open my eyes completely.... ...fifth, but when that went by, I knew it was not meant to be. Third place went to the guy next to me that the judges liked so much. The announcer then went through a long pitch explaining what the top two places meant. He said how they got to go to the International Science and Engineering fair in Louisville, Kentucky. He called my name to go up to apprehend second place for going to the International Science and Engineering Fair, but I received first at the Western Slope Science Fair. Oh my God was echoed through the room and I couldnt believe that I was walking up to the stage. This wasnt right because I shouldnt get the award, or should I? I knew the answer as soon as it was placed in my hand. It was going to be a long ride, but I deserved every bit of it. I had shown the judges that I knew what I was doing and was confident at all times.

The Joy of Winning Essay -- Narrative Memoir Essays

The Joy of Winning Oh my God was exclaimed into my respectable ear and resonated above everyone in the room. My heart was thumping because I wasnt exactly sure what was happening. I wasnt excited to be going or even pleased. All I could think active was, What did I get myself into? I shouldnt be here, I dont deserve this. It all began on one of the most disastrous bus rides I start ever experienced that doesnt include a wreck. I was going to Grand Junction for the Western Slope Science Fair. I didnt even care about what I was about to do. I knew my information well enough just to get through the day. Then the storm hit us. I looked out the front line window of the bus and peered out into the ferocious blizzard. The heater was not working on the right side window. On top of not being fitted to see, we had just hit a construction area where I wasnt sure what could be on the road. An hour later than expected, we got out of the bus and headed for the auditorium where we were to set up our projects. After sprinting inside to keep my board protected from the elements, I walked with my fellow participants and set up my project. I didnt care at all about how ethical my project appeared in the eyes of the judge. After I had set up, I got ready to go to lunch, since most of my companions were ready to eat. We all went down to Mesa Malls regimen Court where I had sausage pizza that had grease dripping down onto the plate. After I was finished eating, my friend Jimmy had to buy a CD, so we flew down to the FYE Music Emporium. As we ran out to the bus to go back, a hailstorm picked up. The hail felt like a thousand needles striking me at the aforementioned(prenominal) time and there was no way that I could open my eyes completely.... ...fifth, but when that went by, I knew it was not meant to be. Third place went to the guy next to me that the judges liked so much. The announcer then went through a pine speech explaining what the top two places meant. He sai d how they got to go to the International Science and engineer fair in Louisville, Kentucky. He called my name to go up to receive second place for going to the International Science and Engineering Fair, but I received first at the Western Slope Science Fair. Oh my God was echoed through the room and I couldnt believe that I was walking up to the stage. This wasnt right because I shouldnt get the award, or should I? I knew the answer as soon as it was placed in my hand. It was going to be a long ride, but I deserved every bit of it. I had shown the judges that I knew what I was doing and was confident at all times.

Special Interest Group Research Paper

entertain pigeonholings are one important mechanism through which citizens in the United States rent their ideas, needs, and views known to elective officials. Citizens can usu aloney find an provoke group that focuses on their concerns, no matter how specialized they may be. An interest group is an livestockamental law of people with equivalent policy goals that tries to influence the political process to evidence to procure those goals. In doing so, interest groups try to influence every branch and every level of g everyplacenment.The quaternate policy arenas help distinguish interest groups from political parties. Interest groups may also support candidates for office, but American interest groups do not quarter their own slate of candidates. Interest groups are a lot policy specialists, where as parties are policy generalists. Which means, interest groups do not face the limitation imposed, by trying to appeal to everyone. The interest group i have chosen to study an d do research upon is the World Wild spirit Fund.It is the worlds largest independent conservation organization with over 5 million supporters worldwide, working in much than 100 countries, supporting around 13,000 conservation and environmental projects. WWF supports the enforcement of appropriate wildlife trade laws by supporting enforcement of cities, the silk hat known internationalistic body for regulating international trade in wildlife. WWFs mission is to conserve nature and reduce the most crucial threats to the diversity of life on earth and to build a future day in which people live in harmony with nature.The world wildlife fund was founded on April 29th, 1961, in Morges Switzerland by Julian Huxley, Edward Nicholson, Peter Scott, Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld, Prince Philip, and Duke of Edinburgh. To this day, the headquarters is still ground where it has been originally founded in Switzerland. Over the fifty years since founded, WWF invested almost $10 billio n in to a greater extent than 13000 projects and, there has been a majority of candidates that have ran for chair of the group. Many have made huge impacts to the fund such as Chief Eleazar Chukwuemeka Anyaoku, Mrs.Sara Morrison, Ruud Lubbers, Syed Babar Ali and many more. hardly the current president, Yolanda Kakabadse whom started her presidency in 2010 is striving for WWF to give all of their 5 million+ employees all the kinds of benefits they need to support them in their work and home lives. The organization has offices in more than 100 different countries around the world. So in order for WWF to achieve their mission, they focus their efforts on two broad areas biodiversity and footprint.They first regard to ensure that biodiversity stays healthy and vibrant for generations to come. They are focusing on conserving critical places and species that are extremely important for the conservation of our earths rich biodiversity. The second, is to reduce the detrimental impacts of human activity which is our ecological footprint . They are working to make sure that the natural resources required for life land, water, and air are managed findably and fairly.Since the world wildlife fund has been trying to achieve this mission, they have stated that they do not bear out any political candidates or political party solely because they choose to centralise their efforts on the conservation and the preservation of our land by protecting threaten species and habitats. In addition, they work night and day to preserve and create protected areas, affiliation conservation needs with human needs, build effective institutions to help sustain conservation efforts, and address serious global threats like climate change and hepatotoxic chemicals that cause pollution.The world wildlife fund has a mission that they wish to achieve and by doing so, the fund will keep working as hard as they have been to conserve nature and most importantly the worlds endangered species . The WWF has taught me a lot more than i thought i knew about the fund. Realizing what the fund is very about opened my eyes and the love that i have for animals makes me necessitate to become apart of the organization some time in my future. This special interest group was a true match for me. I learned more about what is is, what they represent and how they operate.Special Interest Group Research PaperInterest groups are one important mechanism through which citizens in the United States make their ideas, needs, and views known to elected officials. Citizens can usually find an interest group that focuses on their concerns, no matter how specialized they may be.An interest group is an organization of people with similar policy goals that tries to influence the political process to try to achieve those goals. In doing so, interest groups try to influence every branch and every level of government. The multiple policy arenas help distinguish interest groups from political parties . Interest groups may also support candidates for office, but American interest groups do not run their own slate of candidates. Interest groups are often policy specialists, where as parties are policy generalists. Which means, interest groups do not face the limitation imposed, by trying to appeal to everyone.The interest group i have chosen to study and do research upon is the World Wildlife Fund. It is the worlds largest independent conservation organization with over 5 million supporters worldwide, working in more than 100 countries, supporting around 13,000 conservation and environmental projects. WWF supports the enforcement of appropriate wildlife trade laws by supporting enforcement of cities, the best known international body for regulating international trade in wildlife. WWFs mission is to conserve nature and reduce the most crucial threats to the diversity of life on earth and to build a future in which people live in harmony with nature.The world wildlife fund was foun ded on April 29th, 1961, in Morges Switzerland by Julian Huxley, Edward Nicholson, Peter Scott, Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld, Prince Philip, and Duke of Edinburgh. To this day, the headquarters is still based where it has been originally founded in Switzerland. Over the fifty years since founded, WWF invested almost $10 billion in more than 13000 projects and, there has been a majority of candidates that have ran for president of the group.Many have made huge impacts to the fund such as Chief Eleazar Chukwuemeka Anyaoku, Mrs. SaraMorrison, Ruud Lubbers, Syed Babar Ali and many more. But the current president, Yolanda Kakabadse whom started her presidency in 2010 is striving for WWF to give all of their 5 million+ employees all the kinds of benefits they need to support them in their work and home lives. The organization has offices in more than 100 different countries around the world.So in order for WWF to achieve their mission, they focus their efforts on two broad areas b iodiversity and footprint. They first want to ensure that biodiversity stays healthy and vibrant for generations to come. They are focusing on conserving critical places and species that are extremely important for the conservation of our earths rich biodiversity. The second, is to reduce the negative impacts of human activity which is our ecological footprint . They are working to make sure that the natural resources required for life land, water, and air are managed sustainably and fairly.Since the world wildlife fund has been trying to achieve this mission, they have stated that they do not endorse any political candidates or political party solely because they choose to concentrate their efforts on the conservation and the preservation of our land by protecting endangered species and habitats. In addition, they work night and day to preserve and create protected areas, link conservation needs with human needs, build effective institutions to help sustain conservation efforts, an d address serious global threats like climate change and toxic chemicals that cause pollution.The world wildlife fund has a mission that they wish to achieve and by doing so, the fund will keep working as hard as they have been to conserve nature and most importantly the worlds endangered species. The WWF has taught me a lot more than i thought i knew about the fund. Realizing what the fund is truly about opened my eyes and the love that i have for animals makes me want to become apart of the organization some time in my future. This special interest group was a true match for me. I learned more about what is is, what they represent and how they operate.

What Motor Is More Reliable?

The survey found that the Japanese brands Yamaha,Honda are more authentic brands. But to me Honda is more reliable to me because its cheaper to fix if it breaks and Yamaha has more hp and tuqort and is faster. Honda is just a all around good atv, dirt bikes because you father your 400ex and you crf250f. Yamaha is good for stronghold and racing atvs, and dirt bikes like your 400 bashanee and your yz450f.Honda is made in the US so everything is cheaper for separate and take less time to get to your destination.The next year, Honda marketed the handling-friendly ATC200X to beginners. hondas archetypal introduced the KLT200 a three-wheeled atv into the market in 1981. The companys first four-wheeler in 1985 and was called the Bayou 185. The Bayou 300 44, honda first atv 4-wheel drive atv.Yamaha is made in japan and the parts cost so much because they have to ship cost The YZ250X is optimized for the unique demands of Hare Scrambles and GNCC racing.The YPVS-equipped 249cc two-stroke engine is combined with a wide-ratio five-speed transmission for the ultimate cross-country superpower plant.Yamaha .com TOKYO, Japan, October 5, 2016 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. and Yamaha Motor Co., Ltd. today announced that the two companies have begun discussions toward a possible business alliance in the Japanese market in the Class-1 folk* which include scooters with a 50 cc engine or emy community does atv poker runs at least once a year to raise funds for charity, ive seen almost every brand of atv and i will address them all, for the record out biggest ride was about 300 bikesHonda their not the most powerful or fastest precisely their quality is by far the best, ive seen one break downPolaris laughing stock, i dont even know why peck buy them, they do have power, precisely in a few years you will rebuild the whole bikeYamaha a close second, they have very few problems, but its probably because most people dont keep them stock and try to modify them to muchKawasaki i dont see many of them, but what i do see are impressive, a tie for secondCan-am ive only seen a few and they may beat honda on quality , but the price for a decent bike is ridiculous, their to pricey, but seeing less than a dozen, i cant saylectric motor.Debate honda is the best .com . Some people like other atv brands thats their opinion.

Airbrushing Should Be Banned

Good morning/afternoon class. The topic that we have chosen for our debate is That airbrushing should be banned. We as the affirmative team believe that this statement is adjust. The points that I allow for be talking about today is that manipulating images can channel to self-esteem issues, the different types of disorders that photo shopping could lead to and the extensive cost of airbrushing images. To start off, the deceptive imagery of airbrushing can lead to major self-confidence issues. level(p) though younger girls argon exposed to many different types of media and images, the younger generations ar not commonly able to tell the difference between shape photographs and air-brushed images. This means that over time, young women are increasingly seeing and comparing themselves with images which are neither realistic nor authentic. This can lead to severe self-esteem issues. Images that are altered and manipulated to give an impossibly thin look add to e preciseones ins ecurities about their bodies.This is exactly the reason why airbrushing should be banned. Secondly, these diminishing advertisements can sometimes lead to eating disorders. Some people are particularly vulnerable to this pressure to be perfect and risk developing an eating disorder such as anorexia or being bulimic. This is precisely why were calling for the media to get real and show us bodies in all their gorgeous, natural glory. While its true that most of us are aware that the majority of women in adverts have been airbrushed to within an inch of their life, sadly, the same cant be said for younger girls, who, from a very early age are constantly being bombarded with digitally altered images without realising just how much theyve been manipulated. Do we really want our precious children to change who they are so that they can fit in with societys perception of perfection?This highlights why any form of enhancing an advertisement should be banned. Finally, I will address the ext ensive cost of airbrushing images that companies and we face. Airbrushing images will not only damage young girls self-esteem but it would also take an astonishing amount of notes out of the companys budget. Due to airbrushing, it will not only cost the business money, but also us to go under the jab to achieve these manipulative images from the pressure to be perfect.Are we really going to go to these extreme lengths to look like someone were not? This illustrates precisely why photo shopping needs to be expelled. AGAINST OUR ARGUMENTS its a clever way for products to be sold, and to attract the target audience they are aiming at. flummoxs are usually hired for the purpose to sell the product and being Photo shopped is probably some part of their contract. retouching and photo editing is supposed to make the look of the model attractive, so it is able to sell the product. the models face will usually have to be the image of perfection and beauty to interest a reader to fragment ise up a magazine, thinking that the content will be related to the cover image of beauty. REBUTTALS Would you buy a product from an advert where the model is flavor flawless, and has great skin due to airbrushing techniques? Or where it shows the true beauty of someone, and that there should be no reason to change, and to just accept how they look? Should an image that is airbrushed be societies perception of perfection?

Catcher in the Rye Immaturity of Holden Caufield Essay

In J.D. Salingers The Catcher is the Rye, the protagonist Holden Caufield emerges from a trying and emotional series of events and does non grow emotionally that remains as immature as he was at the beginning of the novel. The story is ab bug out the difficulties of growing up. Most people come out of their stripling years as more responsible and mature people. Holden goes through many stressful events during the pass, but instead of coming out more mature and adult up, he still has the same childish views on life he is violent minded, depressed, confused, and irresponsible. Throughout the whole novel, Holden fantasizes about killing people, he is baffled by sex, and he does not think out his actions.During the beginning of the story, Holden thinks about killing people many times. He wanted to kill Stradlater, his roommate, for dating Jane Gallagher, his old friend. Holden knew what var. of guy Stradlater was and he was afraid he took advantage of Jane. Holden actually does fi ght Stradlater but gets hurt pretty badly. He then puts his hunting hat on and says it is a people shooting hat. Later on in the story, Holden again thinks about killing people.When Maurice, the pimp, hurts Holden and steals his capital, Holden pretends that he had been shot in the stomach and his guts were falling out. He then pretends that he is staggering down the stairs with a gun to shoot Maurice and get revenge. Holden does not actually do this, but it shows how he is immature and violent. Also, while Holden is visiting Phoebes school, he sees that someone has written fuck on the wall. He becomes very angry and wants the bash the skull of whoever did that on the marble floor so they are all bloody. Again we see that Holden has much anger in him. He does not know how to deal with it and that shows he has not grown up.Holden also does not ever figure out his views on sex. At the beginning he hates Stradlater because he takes advantage of girls. He says has neer done anything to a girl because he always stops when they say stop. Holden says that he would have to genuinely like the girls slope and really get to know the person before he could have sex with them. When Holden gets to New York he calls Faith Cavendish, who he thinks is a stripper. He does not even know her but he wants to have sex with her.This goes against everything he said before. Then when Holden gets to the hotel Maurice offers Holden a hooker and he accepts. Holden then does not do anything with her because he is nervous and it does not seem right to him. Once again Holden is confused about sex. It is a foreign thing to him and he never figures it out. He has ideals that he sets for himself but he never follows through. He even tries to ask Carl Luce, an old friend, about sex but Carl is uncomfortable talking about it and Holden learns slide fastener new. Holden never learns how to control his emotions and actions about love and sex.Lastly, Holden does not learn how to think out his actions. In the beginning, Holden makes numerous wrong decisions. He travel bys away from Pencey without even obese his parents he was kicked out. That was a bad decision because when his parents will have found out he would have been in even more trouble for not telling them. Holden also constantly lies to people throughout the book, which shows his immaturity. Later in the book Holden makes some really poor spur of the moment choices too. He scares shot Hayes, a girl he goes on a date with, by telling her that they should get married and move up north and live in a cabin. He urges her to do it and even raises his voice. Sally cries and says he is crazy. This shows how Holden does not think out his actions, which in turn hurts himself and others.He also spends money without thinking. Holden spends money on taxis, hotel rooms, food, dates, and the nuns. He does not think about managing his money and then he is forced to take his sister Phoebes Christmas money. This hurts himself because he does not want to take Phoebes money and it also hurts her because she does not have money to buy people presents. Holdens lack of thinking hurts himself and others. Lastly, Holden plans to run away to the west and just get away from everyone. He would have done it but Phoebe stops him. Running away would have been really dumb because he didnt have much money or anywhere to go. Holden never learns to think out his actions and this shows that he does not grow up.In J.D. Salingers The Catcher is the Rye, the protagonist Holden Caufield emerges from a trying and emotional series of events and does not grow emotionally but remains as immature as he was at the beginning of the novel. Holden has a violent mind and he thinks about killing people throughout the novel. He also never figures out his views on sex. He thinks he knows his views on sex and what he would do put in certain situations, but he does not follow through with his ideals. Holden also never learns how to think o ut his decisions. He makes many choices without putting much thought into them and this hurts himself as well as others. Holden Caufield did not emerge from that weekend as a more mature person.

Explain the ways in which Wilfred Owen evokes feelings of pity and horror in “Disabled”

Wilfred Owen (1893-1918) was an English poet and spend, one of the leading poets of the First World War. umteen of his poems have been praised for their keen realism and it is in addition the case that his poem, change, is observational and written in the trio person from his own direct observation and experience. disenable is ab come forth(a) war, violence and mutilation as well as golf clubs reaction to this. It was written around 1917 showing the horror of war and evoking feelings of condole with towards the passs.In incapacitate, Owen uses the comparison of contend sports and being a soldier in war, to inform his readers about how war is not glamorous, tho rather behavior-threatening and gruesome. He besides portrays the main sheaths past and state of mind. Owens use of the word He, leaving the soldier unnamed implies that he is referring to one of many three-year-old soldiers affected by the war. Through the soldier, who is also the main character, Owen tell s his interview of the demarcation line between the glories of military spectacle at number 1 look, and the realistic horrors of the battles in war, which ar terrific and horrible.Wilfred Owen also utilise the technique of contrast to show the reality of the hostels thoughts on war at the time. The first stanza starts with a depressing interpretation of a lonely(prenominal) man sat in a wheeled chair, waiting for dark in a ghastly suit of grey, Legless, fasten wretched at elbow joint. This is Owens first use of description in the poem to portray the truth of war. By exposing the impact of the war on the soldiers, Owen has today grabbed the readers attention and sympathy for the soldiers in war.The psychological harm on the soldiers as a result of the war is also revealed in the first stanza by Owen when he mentions that even the Voices of boys rang saddening like a hymn, Voices of play and pleasure. Wilfred Owens use of adjectives such as dark, grey and shivered in his o pening stanza shows the closing off and loneliness of the soldier. It also shows his sad emotion and psychological scars as mentioned beforehand. His disability is also strongly portrayed within the first stanza with the use of head rhyme, suitsewn short. It also includes a strong contrast to the soldiers life by using the technique of repeat.Repeating Voices of, emphasises the sounds of boys playing in contrast with his loneliness. K flating that the soldier could not even prise innocent voices, the audience projects a great amount of sympathy towards the soldier. The social attitudes of people before and subsequently the war are cited by Owen. The soldier states that intimately this time Town used to swing so gay.In the old times, before he threw away his knees, he was able to live his life like a carefree youth. However after facing the reality of war at a childlike age, he was unable to feel over again how slim Girls waists are, or how warm their subtle hands. All of them touch him like some queer disease. This bulky inevitable magic spell in the young soldiers life evokes a great amount of sympathy from the readers as they have become aware of the physical and activated harm attached to war. Disabled holds many phrases that give out strong messages.The expressions glow-lamps and girls glanced are linked together with the use of alliteration in the second stanza and they contrast with the soldiers life that he had before he joined the war. Owen also mentions the soldier remembering his old life, About this time Town used to swing so gay When glow-lamps budded in the swooning blue trees while he went out for evening parties before he threw away his knees. This is depicted as a bootless loss and sacrifice to the soldier as he compares his past and present life.The contrast of the soldiers life in this stanza evokes a great amount of pity from the readers. by from the physical harm apply on the young soldier, he was also internally scarred. Ow en first gives his audience a glimpse of the soldiers dispirit state of mind when he indicates his ghastly suit of grey in the first stanza. The audience feels sympathy for the soldier as his entire youth had been interpreted away from him. Owen conveys this message in the third stanza, There was once an artist silly for his face, For it was younger than his youth, last year.Now, he is old And half his lifetime lapsed in the hot race. This third stanza gives a deeper insight into the soldiers interior harm briefly mentioned in the first stanza. In the third stanza Owen uses a great deal of brilliant imagery to describe what soldiers go through at war which evokes a large amount of horror from the audience in response to war. Owen mentions that the soldier muzzy his colour very far from here, and Poured it down shell-holes which shows that he has lost a significant part of his life because of the bombing.Owen uses irony and the excogitation of reversal effectively in his next st anza when he mentions that once the soldier was proud of a blood-smear down his leg obtained during a football match. This is one of Owens uses of the analogy of playing sports compared to being a soldier. The analogy is again used in the sixth stanza when Owen compares the reaction from society after a football game and after the end of the war, Some cheered him home, but not as crowds cheer Goal.The ways of the society shocks the audience of Disabled and brings out a large amount of revulsion on the young and wound soldiers of the war. The soldiers life had been ruined by the war because although the soldier had faced many difficulties as a result of the war, it is mostly the detail that his life has come to an end, or close to the end, on account of his eagerness to join the war in his youth. The readers know of the soldiers young age because of the statement that Owen had mentioned, in his fourth stanza, which acknowledges that the army gayly wrote his lie aged nineteen year s.This shows the audience that the soldier was barely an adult when he joined the war and this brings out the most pity from the audience for the soldier. Near the end, in the sixth stanza, Owen gives an insight into societys cruel reaction to war the people didnt care. Some cheered him home, but not as crowds cheer Goal. only(prenominal) a solemn man Thanked him. The thought that people appreciated a football goal more than a weakened soldier that had gone out to fight for them and serve their country makes the readers pity and sympathise with the disabled soldier.It makes them able to see the horror of the war and society. Many of these feelings of pity for the soldier are to an terminus repelled, due to his selfishness and is contradicted by his pride and malign intentions such as to please the giddy jilts, He had asked to join the army. This creates a huge feeling of horror towards societys thoughts and influence on young people. It makes them believe that instead of joinin g for the right reasons, the society and propaganda has made young children reckon of joining the war for the wrong reasons. In the soldiers case, It was after football, when hed drunk a pegSomeone had said hed look a paragon in kilts. Owen has mentioned all of the influences of the society during the time of the war in his fifth stanza, some of which include jewelled hills For daggers in plaid socks of smart salutes And care of accouterments and leave and pay arrears Esprit de corps. The phrase How cold and late it is describes how the soldier is all alone without anyone to keep him company. This section shows that he cant do anything meaningful in life again. The exclamation ticktock emphasises the strength of the soldiers feelings within his new and ruined life because of the war.The young soldier has been transformed into a dependent and helpless young man, highlighted by Owens use of repetition Why dont they come Why dont they come? By revealing the great change in life f or the soldier as a consequence of departure to war brings out a feeling of extreme horror towards the war from the audience. Owen ends the poem leaving the audience with a clean-cut idea of the soldiers future emphasising his now lack of freedom and his wait alone in bed until death comes to take him away from his pain and misery.Now, he exit spend a a couple of(prenominal) sick years in institutes, And do what things the rules consider wise, And take whatever pity they may dole. The soldier noticed how the womens look Passed from him to the strong men that were exclusively. They all touch him like some queer disease. Ultimately, Wilfred Owen mainly uses phrases and metaphors to convey the reality and horror of war and to evoke feelings of pity from his audience with the help of alliteration and lots of vivid imagery.Explain the ways in which Wilfred Owen evokes feelings of pity and horror in DisabledWilfred Owen (1893-1918) was an English poet and soldier, one of the leadin g poets of the First World War. Many of his poems have been praised for their bleak realism and it is also the case that his poem, Disabled, is observational and written in the third person from his own direct observation and experience. Disabled is about war, violence and mutilation as well as societys reaction to this. It was written around 1917 showing the horror of war and evoking feelings of pity towards the soldiers.In Disabled, Owen uses the analogy of playing sports and being a soldier in war, to inform his readers about how war is not glamorous, but rather life-threatening and gruesome. He also portrays the main characters past and state of mind. Owens use of the word He, leaving the soldier unnamed implies that he is referring to one of many young soldiers affected by the war. Through the soldier, who is also the main character, Owen tells his audience of the contrast between the glories of military spectacle at first look, and the realistic horrors of the battles in war, which are grotesque and horrible.Wilfred Owen also used the technique of contrast to show the reality of the societys thoughts on war at the time. The first stanza starts with a depressing description of a lone man sat in a wheeled chair, waiting for dark in a ghastly suit of grey, Legless, sewn short at elbow. This is Owens first use of description in the poem to portray the truth of war. By exposing the impact of the war on the soldiers, Owen has immediately grabbed the readers attention and sympathy for the soldiers in war.The psychological harm on the soldiers as a result of the war is also revealed in the first stanza by Owen when he mentions that even the Voices of boys rang saddening like a hymn, Voices of play and pleasure. Wilfred Owens use of adjectives such as dark, grey and shivered in his opening stanza shows the isolation and loneliness of the soldier. It also shows his sad emotion and psychological scars as mentioned before. His disability is also strongly portrayed w ithin the first stanza with the use of alliteration, suitsewn short.It also includes a strong contrast to the soldiers life by using the technique of repetition. Repeating Voices of, emphasises the sounds of boys playing in contrast with his loneliness. Knowing that the soldier could not even appreciate innocent voices, the audience projects a great amount of sympathy towards the soldier. The social attitudes of people before and after the war are cited by Owen. The soldier states that About this time Town used to swing so gay.In the old times, before he threw away his knees, he was able to live his life like a carefree youth. However after facing the reality of war at a young age, he was unable to feel again how slim Girls waists are, or how warm their subtle hands. All of them touch him like some queer disease. This huge inevitable turn in the young soldiers life evokes a great amount of sympathy from the readers as they have become aware of the physical and emotional harm attach ed to war. Disabled holds many phrases that give out strong messages.The expressions glow-lamps and girls glanced are linked together with the use of alliteration in the second stanza and they contrast with the soldiers life that he had before he joined the war. Owen also mentions the soldier remembering his old life, About this time Town used to swing so gay When glow-lamps budded in the light blue trees while he went out for evening parties before he threw away his knees. This is depicted as a useless loss and sacrifice to the soldier as he compares his past and present life.The contrast of the soldiers life in this stanza evokes a great amount of pity from the readers. Apart from the physical harm enforced on the young soldier, he was also internally scarred. Owen first gives his audience a glimpse of the soldiers depressed state of mind when he indicates his ghastly suit of grey in the first stanza. The audience feels sympathy for the soldier as his entire youth had been taken a way from him. Owen conveys this message in the third stanza, There was once an artist silly for his face, For it was younger than his youth, last year.Now, he is old And half his lifetime lapsed in the hot race. This third stanza gives a deeper insight into the soldiers interior harm briefly mentioned in the first stanza. In the third stanza Owen uses a great deal of vivid imagery to describe what soldiers go through at war which evokes a large amount of horror from the audience in response to war. Owen mentions that the soldier lost his colour very far from here, and Poured it down shell-holes which shows that he has lost a significant part of his life because of the bombing.Owen uses irony and the concept of reversal effectively in his next stanza when he mentions that once the soldier was proud of a blood-smear down his leg obtained during a football match. This is one of Owens uses of the analogy of playing sports compared to being a soldier. The analogy is again used in the si xth stanza when Owen compares the reaction from society after a football game and after the end of the war, Some cheered him home, but not as crowds cheer Goal.The ways of the society shocks the audience of Disabled and brings out a large amount of repulsion on the young and wounded soldiers of the war. The soldiers life had been ruined by the war because although the soldier had faced many difficulties as a result of the war, it is mostly the fact that his life has come to an end, or close to the end, on account of his eagerness to join the war in his youth. The readers know of the soldiers young age because of the statement that Owen had mentioned, in his fourth stanza, which acknowledges that the army happily wrote his lie aged nineteen years.This shows the audience that the soldier was barely an adult when he joined the war and this brings out the most pity from the audience for the soldier. Near the end, in the sixth stanza, Owen gives an insight into societys cruel reaction to war the people didnt care. Some cheered him home, but not as crowds cheer Goal. Only a solemn man Thanked him. The thought that people appreciated a football goal more than a wounded soldier that had gone out to fight for them and serve their country makes the readers pity and sympathise with the disabled soldier.It makes them able to see the horror of the war and society. Many of these feelings of pity for the soldier are to an extent repelled, due to his selfishness and is contradicted by his pride and wrong intentions such as to please the giddy jilts, He had asked to join the army. This creates a huge feeling of horror towards societys thoughts and influence on young people. It makes them believe that instead of joining for the right reasons, the society and propaganda has made young children think of joining the war for the wrong reasons. In the soldiers case, It was after football, when hed drunk a pegSomeone had said hed look a god in kilts. Owen has mentioned all of the in fluences of the society during the time of the war in his fifth stanza, some of which include jewelled hills For daggers in plaid socks of smart salutes And care of arms and leave and pay arrears Esprit de corps. The phrase How cold and late it is describes how the soldier is all alone without anyone to keep him company. This section shows that he cant do anything meaningful in life again. The exclamation mark emphasises the strength of the soldiers feelings within his new and ruined life because of the war.The young soldier has been transformed into a dependent and helpless young man, highlighted by Owens use of repetition Why dont they come Why dont they come? By revealing the great change in life for the soldier as a consequence of going to war brings out a feeling of extreme horror towards the war from the audience. Owen ends the poem leaving the audience with a clear idea of the soldiers future emphasising his now lack of freedom and his wait alone in bed until death comes to take him away from his pain and misery.Now, he will spend a few sick years in institutes, And do what things the rules consider wise, And take whatever pity they may dole. The soldier noticed how the womens eyes Passed from him to the strong men that were whole. They all touch him like some queer disease. Ultimately, Wilfred Owen mainly uses phrases and metaphors to convey the reality and horror of war and to evoke feelings of pity from his audience with the help of alliteration and lots of vivid imagery.

A Summary of John Irving’s ‘A Widow For One Year’ and ‘The Fourth Hand’

In A Widow for One Year. Ruth Cole, the substitution character, is a successful American novelist whose writings reflect a deep need to make sense of her life.Born in 1954, the daughter of Ted and Marion Cole, is the replacement child for her deuce brothers, Thomas and Timothy, who were killed at dates sixteen and fifteen in a terrible automobile accident. Even though her brothers are dead, their memory remains a comportment from which the family finds no relief. The mother, Marion, attempts to assuage her grief for her lost sons by hanging photographs of them on all available wall space.She bitterly blames her husband Ted for their sons deaths, and she resents him for convincing her to have another(prenominal) child. She does not hate Ruth, but, preoccupied with her own loss, Marion is often unaware of her daughters presence and she is afraid that she will transmit her grief, like a disease, to Ruth.Ruth attestered her parents divorce when she is four days old, followed by the disappearance of her mother, Marion, who apparently feels that Ruths father, Ted, although a womanizer and a drunk, will be the better custodial parent. Ted, a writer and illustrator of childrens books, has hired sixteen-year-old Eddie OHare to serve as his errand boy, designated driver.When Ruth is four in that summer of 1958, she witnesses a primal scene, surrounded by her mother and Eddie OHare. She never for take outs it, though she forgets some of the details. Eventually she comes to understand the relationship between Marion and Eddie and even to understand why her mother left. Ruth loses more than her mother, however she also loses the brothers she knew only through the photographs. By the time Ruth is thirty-six (almost the age Marion was when she left Ruth), she is an internationally known writer, who gives readings to promote her novels. At one of these readings in New York City, she meets Eddie OHare again.Eddie is also a writerof romance novels-and he introduces Ruth, who reads from her novel approximately a widow for one year. Ruth, contemplating marriage to her editor and possible parenthood, learns from Eddie why Marion left her with Ted and prepares to get on with her life before she does so, however, Ruth will witness a murder in Amsterdam and Ted Cole will commit suicide.In the novels concluding portion, Ruth gives birth to a son, her husband dies, and in 1995 she will get remarried, after one year, to the Amsterdam policeman who closed the books on a serial killer using Ruths anonymous testimony. Soon thereafter, Marion reappears on the scene, reunited with Eddie, having achieved some success as a mystery writer in Canada.If someon adores A Widow for On Yar, one may b a bit disappointd in Th Fourth Hand. The main charactr of th story, tump oversom TV journalist Patrick Wallingford is ghostwrited with minutly dscribed on-night stands. H is film a package about an Indian circus, Th Gnsh, which is an Indian symbol of nw beginnings whn a lion eats his lft hand. Meanwhil, a total stranger in Wisconsin, Doris Clausn and hr husband Otto are obsssd with th Gren Bay Packrs and with having a child.Mrs Clausn, ses a clip of it on TV, and writes to promis Wallingford her husbands hand for transplant in th evnt of her spouss death. Doris cajols Otto into willing his lft hand to Patrick and her husband shoots himslf dead on the night of th 1998 Super Bowl, and his hand is flown to Boston whre a brilliant surgon transplants it to Wallingfords left forarm. With the hand coms the griving widow, who has some intresting plans of hr own for the lucky rcipient. Mrs Clausn flies to met Wallingford, whom sh promptly seducs with an eye to childbaring.Famous hand surgon Nicholas Zajak is, for his part, obsessd with dog fcsalso describd in ndlss detailwhich h scoops up with his old lacross stick and hurls at speechrs on the Charls Rivr. Zajak attachs Ottos hand to Patrick, and Doris demands visitation rights with Ottos hand, as wll as w ith Patricks child-producing quipmnt. On her first mting with Wallingford, thy have sx, Wallingford rcognizing Doriss voic as one h hard in a vision in India whil rcovering from his accidnt.Doris, dsp pass judgment to gt prgnant, has hr own agenda. Th pregnancy taks more succssfully than the husbands transplantd hand, which is evntually rejcted. Aftr a fritter of othr affairs, Wallingford throws himself at Mrs Clausn and finds true lov.Bibliography Irving, John. A Widow for One Year. New York Random House, 1998Irving, John. The Fourth Hand. New York Random House, 2002

Case study of CVS

According to the filed work results made by PSI team, we know that approximately one in four scripts experienced a problem at some point in fulfillment process. As we all know, the fulfillment process is critical for the fare of the customers need into reality. An inefficient process would lead to a poor pharmacy service which would depress the recent customer. Its certainly lawful that a better fulfillment process could prevent 60%-90% of the customer defection that were due to service.We know come up with solutions to deal with the problems now outlast in the CVS fulfillment process. Improvement would never happen until changes are made. On the one hand, CVS should design a more efficient flow chat to sicken the inherent risks and inefficiency during the process. A proper flow chat should start with the analysis of the existing process situation in CVS and find out the bottle bang in the process. On the other hand, from the case, we know that a number of problems could occur i n the come apart of Data entry.For example, customers pay the prescription and soon leaving the pharmacy, exclusively the prescription may appear without drugs or the payment will not covered by their insurance. When they come back to pick drugs, they would be give goose egg but dissatisfied. If things go on like this, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty will inevitably be effected . In order to lower the defections in this part, changes should be made . CVS Pharmacy should build a comprehensive information agreement. The IT system should have enough function to support the operation.The doctor bunghole upload the prescription after diagnosing, then the tech of pharmacy can check the prescription online and finish the remaining work. For the problem of no refill allowed, the IT system which contains prescription guidance by selecting the personal information of the patient in history. For the problem of DUR Hard Stop, IT at CVS should cut down the time for drug review. Since the happening of different drug to drug fundamental interaction have the different time, IT system should have the ability to recognized the maximum time for major drug interaction which would absolutely improve the efficiency.Also the customers can login the system to check whether their prescription has been completed to decide when they go to take the drugs. After the above improvement, the most likely part to have problems is the situation at the pickup window at peak period. When customers came after work to pick up the prescriptions, most locations found it difficult to module this time period simply because pharmacy employees did not want to work then. To address this problem, we feel that we can create some self-dispensary machines, just like ATM, so that the customers can take their prescriptions on the machine by themselves.Because of the establishment of the IT system, there will not be wooden boxes in use. If the system design is likewise complex, people will fe el it is more efficient to use the original method. The results may cause the failure of the changes. In order to prevent backsliding, the system must(prenominal) be easy to use so that both customers and staffs can use it conveniently. Pharmacy Service Initiative can greatly promote the customers pickup speed, keep open time, improve efficiency. Nothing could be better than that to be more withdrawive to consumers.Faster pickup-rate than other pharmacies can let CVS win more customers, increase customer loyalty, and attract new customers patronizing. Now most people complain about taking drugs,which is not only wasting long time to queue but in any case having complicated steps. If we can solve this problem, it will be a milepost of pharmaceutical service industry. This is a great opportunity for CVS companies to increase their market share, to beating the competitor, and to become a leader in pharmacy.The economic benefits it brings to CVS is self-evident. Has the absolute au thority is an absolute superiority on the pharmaceutical industry, after that it will be wakeless to endanger the status and influence of CVS. In addition to economic benefits, the reform also brings many benefits to the internal stability of company. Not only reducing the customers complaints and toil rate, but also greatly improving the employees satisfaction and reducing turnover rate. These make CVS having more stable and rapid development.

Marketing Exploratory Research Essay

Researchers employ beta explore when minor is cognize about the topic and previous theories or ideas do not apply. For example, if you wanted to study how to scramble students to use the computer lab in a college environment, you might first have to do wildcat interrogation to figure out which students might need the lab and what appeals to this demographic. Exploratory investigate clarifies lines, gathers selective information and creates sign hypothesis and theories about subjects. The primary point of exploratory research is to give tecs pertinent reading and service them to motley initial hypotheses about the subject. Exploratory research is challenging in the sense that it tackles vaguely outlined hypothesis and tries to find answers to questions. This kind of research is social in nature and requires some preliminary melt down in the direction of the research.In fact, sociologist Earl Babbie treats exploratory as the purpose of the research saying this kind of res earch proves to be useful when the hypothesis has yet not been formed or receiveed. in that respect argon certain basic premises that need to be tested at the first-class honours degree of an exploratory research. With the help of these hypotheses, the researcher hopes to arrive at more generalizations. Exploratory research is a form of research covered for a problem that has not been clearly defined. Exploratory research helps determine the best research design, data collecting mode and selection of subjects. It should draw definitive conclusions only with extreme caution. Given its fundamental nature, exploratory research oft concludes that a perceived problem does not actually exist.Exploratory research a good deal relies on thirdhand research such as reviewing available literature and/or data, or qualitative approaches such as informal discussions with consumers, employees, management or competitors, and more formal approaches through in-depth interviews, focus groups, projective methods, case studies or voyage studies. The Internet allows for research methods that are more interactive in nature. For example, RSS feeds efficiently supply researchers with up-to-date information major search engine search results may be sent by email to researchers by services such as Google Alerts comprehensive search results are tracked everywhere lengthy periods of sequence by services such as Google Trends and websites may be created to attract worldwide feedback on every subject.When the purpose of research is to straighten out familiarity with a phenomenon or acquire new insight into it in establish to formulate a more precise problem or develop hypothesis, the exploratory studies ( also known as formulative research ) come in handy. If the theory happens to be as well general or too specific, a hypothesis cannot to be formulated. Therefore a need for an exploratory research is felt to gain experience that will be helpful in formulative relevant hypothes is for more definite investigatingdescriptive Researchdescriptive research is done with a specific research question in mind. It gives a set view of the subject, population, market segment or problem. An example of descriptive research would be a report that provides an age and gender breakdown of the users of a particular online service. Descriptive research provides research questions, populations or methods of analysis before the research is started. In marketing, it often consists of longitudinal studies, which study the behavior of individuals over time, and cross-sectional studies, which examine many populations at one specific time.As the name implies, a descriptive research is descriptive in nature and gathers statistics, which is later carefully studied to arrive at conclusions. In fact, descriptive research often leads to formulation of hypothesis as collation and analysis of data produces conclusions that form the basis of an another(prenominal) research. So, if there is a research about the use of alcohol among teenagers, it typically begins with collection of data that is descriptive in nature and lets people know the age and drinking habits of students. Descriptive research is helpful for calculations and to arrive at statistical tools such as median, averages, and frequencies.Descriptive research, also known as statistical research, describes data and characteristics about the population or phenomenon being studied. However, it does not answer questions about e.g. how/when/ wherefore the characteristics occurred, which is done under analytic research. Although the data description is factual, accurate and systematic, the research cannot describe what ca employ a situation. Thus, Descriptive research cannot be used to create a causal relationship, where one variable affects another. In other words, descriptive research can be said to have a low requirement for cozy validity. The description is used for frequencies, averages and other statistica l calculations. Often the best approach, prior to writing descriptive research, is to conduct a survey investigation.There are three main types of descriptive methods observational methods, case-study methods and survey methods.data-based MethodWith the observational method (sometimes referred to as field observation) animal and human behavior is closely observed. There are cardinal main categories of the observational method representational observation and laboratory observation. The biggest advantage of the naturalistic method of research is that researchers view participants in their natural environments. This leads to greater ecological validity than laboratory observation, proponents say. bionomic validity refers to the extent to which research can be used in real-life situations. Proponents of laboratory observation often suggest that due to more control in the laboratory, the results found when using laboratory observation are more meaningful than those obtained with natu ralistic observation. Laboratory observations are usually less time-consuming and cheaper than naturalistic observations. Of course, twain naturalistic and laboratory observation are great in regard to the advancement of scientific knowledge. study Study Method typeface study research involves an in-depth study of an individual or group of indviduals. Case studies often lead to testable hypotheses and allow us to study rare phenomena. Case studies should not be used to determine cause and effect, and they have limited use for making accurate predictions. There are two serious problems with case studies expectancy effects and atypical individuals. Expectancy effects include the experimenters vestigial biases that might affect the actions taken while conducting research. These biases can lead to misrepresenting participants descriptions. Describing atypical individuals may lead to poor people generalizations and detract from external validity.Survey MethodSurvey method research, p articipants answer questions administered through interviews or questionnaires. afterwards participants answer the questions, researchers describe the responses given. In order for the survey to be both reliable and valid it is important that the questions are constructed properly. Questions should be written so they are clear and easy to comprehend.What is the difference between Descriptive and Exploratory Research? Descriptive research, being quantitative in nature, is restrictive in terms of blustering ended questions, which can be cleanse answered using exploratory research. Flexibility of design is offered by exploratory research more than by descriptive research. Descriptive research is used more to arrive at statistical tools such as mean, average, median and frequency. On the other hand, exploratory research allows the researcher to develop designs that are more qualitative in nature. The amount of information known to the researcher at the start of the research plays an important role in deciding upon the type of research. With only vague ideas in the minds of the researcher, it is better to go for exploratory design. On the other hand, more information such as quantitative data allows a researcher to go for descriptive research that leads to unearthing causal relationships. Exploratory research needs to be conducted first to have a platform that allows for collation of data required in descriptive research.

Customer Relationship Management Strategy Essay

1)Introduction guest Relationship Management (CRM) has become a main focus for businesses with todays markets becoming much saturated and competitive. guest Relationship Management is the ultimate ch bothenge for marketing experts in any business. A successful conjunction will example client information wisely to build relationships with their clients, on the train that together they will work together towards a long-term relationship. (Xu et al. 2002)High client Intimacy abide be produced from these processes and strategy. Customer intimacy is an essential factor in the Customer Relationship Management grade chain (Buttle, 2004). This marketing strategy consists of a business using ways to get close to clients with benefits for a business including ameliorated highly tailored problem solving capabilities and greater adaptation of products to guest needs, as well as higher guest loyalty levels. This customer intimacy has a major repair on the success on a confederacy and we toilet weigh this in modern organisations.We see that customer satisfaction alone is not enough,Oglivy Loyalty Centre found that, although 85% of customers reported cosmos satisfied, only 40% repurchased (McKenzie,1995) and therefore customer must use CRM to help improve their customer intimacy. However, to what termination does the strategy and processes involved with CRM help achieve this customer intimacy and in what was are these processes seen as in force(p) for both the customer and the company. The focus of this paper is to look at the ways in which organisation use various forms of CRM strategy and processes in order pee-pee better, and lasting relationships with their customers.2)Membership CardsOne way in which some companies, especi wholey retail, aim to increase their customer intimacy is through membership vizor schemes. These after part come in many different forms from and offer a variety of advantages for the customer to use. The main distinction of all of these themes is that the customer is rewarded in some way, and in effect, keeps the customer happy and encourages repeat trade. However many card schemes go a step further and are used for the advantage of both the customer and the company.Around 80% of UK households participate in at least one customer loyalty card scheme (Stone et al. 2008) and they come in different forms such as the Tesco Clubcard, Boots Advantage Card and Sainsburys Nectar Card. The general feature these cards have is that not only do they provide offers for the customer, but they include companies to absorb valuable information which, in turn improves customer intimacy between the business and the customer. Using customer data and targeting those customers helped make the retailers transition much more than efficient (Shaw, 2012).2.1)Membership Card Achieving Customer IntimacyThis data is extremely valuable to a company. They discharge millions of pounds each year conducting market inquiry to try an d find out their customers requirements, expectations and preferences. With the use of this card, the engineering builds up this information and stores it all to databases. This provides a company with useful information which will allow them to target their customers in such a way that they can build up an everlasting relationship. Customer Relationship Management is grounded on high quality customer-related data and enabled by information technology, (Buttle, 2009). With this card, a business, such as the market leaders of Tescos and Boots can see everything they deficiency to know about their buyer. This can vary from the information upon registering their card such as age, geographical location, progress to details. Along with this, the card will collect data such as what the customer buys, how much they spend and how often.A company can see trends in a particular region, a need for a particular age group and they can segment their products to a more specialised market. Compan ies get a clear view as to how their business affects individual customers associated segmentation and other benefits (Stone et al, 2008). In addition, to further improve customer intimacy, a company can target a customer and send offers for the products they buy nearly through email or by post all of which strengthens this bond between customer and company. present we see a table which shows us the ladder of customer loyalty. With an increase in customer intimacy, a business can take prospecting purchaser and convey them into a loyal customer (Christopher at al, 1998).2.2)The accommodative Membership CardThe company to demonstrate is The Co-operative Food. Retail chains are at the fore-front for advances in technology and are competing for ways in which to understand their customers and use the strategies to improve customer intimacy. The purchasing behavior in food retail is the most repetitive of all (Manas, 2011), so to get this customer intimacy coiffe has never been more important. The Co-operative Food (Co-op) uses their loyalty strategy by having membership scheme available to all colleagues and customers. This card acts as most retail cards do in that they collect a customers information which is then fed to the companys data base. There is a crook of ways in which this card creates an improvement in customer intimacy.First of all, unlike all of the other schemes available, twice a year the Co-op gives a share of its profits through the post to all of the members of the scheme. You can enjoy your share of the profits along with exclusive member discounts and offers (www.co-operative.coop/membership). Along with this, each customer is sent a seasonal brochure from the company. Inside, it gives a customer details of how the company is operating, information of how the company is helping the community, recipes for things to make with the coop products along with vouchers to spend in store. Another scheme used by the coop is membership coupons which are printed at the till terminal which allow money off the conterminous spend. These strategies allow a mutual benefit the company is updated with a customers information, along with the customer receiving healthy benefits from the company encouraging customer intimacy.3)Customer InteractionAnother strategy that many organisations use to create a high level of customer intimacy is through customer interaction. Many companies use schemes which allow employers to either speak face to face with a customer or give them a program to have their voice heard. By giving your customers a platform for reaching prospects, your marketing efforts become more objective and inclusive (Rast, 2012). This customer interaction can be seen in many different forms, varying form feedback surveys, forums or mystery shopper visits. This can be seen in many different organisations which are customer focused. Examples of these include online survey/feedback forms which can be found for most organisations, customer

Anglo American Dissatation

Introduction Anglo Ameri piece of ass Plc is a archeological site conglomerate and is cardinal of the largest companies inwardly the mining assiduity. It origin eachy started in 1917 as a gold mining smart determined going by the name of Anglo American Corp the name was constructd when the sign starting capital letter of ? 1 zillion was raised from U. K. and U. S. sources (Forbes 2006). In 1999, equaling a major strategic review, Anglo American integrate with Luxembourg headquartered Minorco to form Anglo American Plc, with its primary stock ex change over listing and head office in capital of the United Kingdom and secondary listings in Johannesburg, Switzerland, Botswana and Namibia (Anglo American 2012d).Anglo American prevails in Africa, Europe, reciprocal ohm and North America, Australia and Asia and is a global withdrawer in the mining of both platinum and rhombuss (Anglo American 2012c). They employ approximately 100,000 people (Anglo American 2012c) across the adult male, both in the mines and in local offices, with the majority of employees creationness based in South Africa, 79,000 (Anglo American 2011). Anglo American employs 10,000 people in South America, which is the second largest proportion of employees in the attach to, and employs 11,000 people in different countries across the globe (Anglo American 2011).South Africa produces the graduate(prenominal)est amount of r in timeue by origin, $17,855 meg in 2011, which accounted for 49% of the convocations total revenue for that stratum (Anglo American 2011). When comparing every last(predicate) the countries revenue for the year, South Africa has a very dominant condition, as both the separate countries bear less evidentiary revenues of $5,058million or trim d avow (Anglo American 2011). This suggests that South Africa is the principal(prenominal) country for production. They take in a highly diversified mining portfolio, comprising of m completely an(prenominal) metals and minerals.In 2011, Anglo American step-upd their shargonholding to 85% in the do chief(prenominal) of a functions leading diamond company, De Beers (Anglo American 2012a), which accounted for 6% of the sh atomic steering out 18 of Anglo Americans operate realize in 2011 (Anglo American 2012c). The company employs 16,000 people in the diamond division, in North America and Africa, which is the second largest percentage of employees across the classify (Anglo American 2011). other subsidiary of Anglo American is Anglo American Platinum Ltd. AAP), of which they give 80% and employ 55,000 people, which is the largest proportion of employees across the company, 55% (Anglo American 2011). AAP is the main producer of platinum in the world, accounting for 40% of the global supply (Anglo American 2012c). Iron ore is the roughly predominant argona of Anglo Americans direct activities with the largest sh be of the groups boodle in 2011 of 41%, $4520Million (Anglo American 2011). This is significant in comparison with the second highest bea of ope rational profit, copper, which attri thoed to $2461Million, 22%, of the ope paygrade profit.Anglo American withal produce metallurgical and thermal coal, nickel and other materials, which, although contri unlesse to the companys profits, argon less significant in comparison to the to a greater extent(prenominal) major operations of diamond, copper, iron ore and platinum. Anglo Americans main merged go is to, be the leading global mining company becoming the industrys largest employer, partner and direct handst of select (Anglo American 2012f). They confide a sound system, sustain fitting development and tidy bodily arrangement atomic number 18 essential to achieve this goal. (Anglo American 2012f) MethodologyAt the first meeting, the group dogged that the company study was to be worked on deuce days a week and a bow was drawn up in order to manage the time efficiently to keep in line th e deadline was met. The table comprised of a plan and achieved column for each date during the weeks leading up to the deadline of 1 fourth December, see Appendix A. after(prenominal) the first meeting, the group went a vogue to do close to individual brief research on the exhibitn(p) company in order to get background distinguishledge of Anglo American and so the in foresight research for each section could be carried out at the next meeting.In order to reach out the nigh of the time given, the group was divided so that each of the main sections were researched thoroughly in order to give a more detailed encompass. The group followed the recommendations, allowing a third of the time to carry out research, a third on writing up the story and a third on editing and producing the last(a) piece. After the research had been carried out on all sections, various members of the group began writing up different sections of the distinguish utilize the training previously obtai ned.The group then looked oer each others sections in order to befuddle sure all relevant knowledge was holdd, to check for grammar and spelling mistakes and to make sure sufficiency references had been used. This was grave to see all members had a redeeming(prenominal) understanding of each section. Anglo Americans website and annual reports were the main source of schooling for the company study. The issues surrounding Anglo American during the past year allowed for many relevant news articles to be widely available for use in spite of appearance the financial trouble section.After the report had been completed, the group booked weekly sessions in the Techno booths with print outs of the completed report, to ensure all members of the group were familiar with all sections. The founding was then brainstormed and the main points put on a PowerPoint, which then allowed for the demoation to be practiced over a couple of weeks prior to the deadline. Many rehearsals of the presentation were carried out to ensure it filled the time allocation selectd and it flowed tumesce.Problems occurred with the methodology closer to the deadline, as members of the group had less apparent time to work on the company study, collect to other assignments universe callable in surface-nigh the same time. Financial Accounting Corporate Governance As a global organisation it is of the essence(p) that Anglo American complies with the highest standards of corporate government activity, to ensure any dominance problems within the company are play downd and the company is well run. Anglo American aims to direct and control its company in a transparent and accountable way. (Anglo American 2012f).From the 2010 card posture review, an action plan was created to improve the relationship mingled with the board and management, which could assume helped reduce the conflicts of interests and agency problem. The action plan was to Increase contact between directors and management between board meetings and Introduce more free flowing informal discussions outside board meetings the pre-board meeting dinners entrust be more structured whilst retaining an informal elbow room (Anglo American 2011). In 2011, this action plan was reviewed and changes within Anglo American were make. The flow of management information to the lineup was enhanced and the frequency of dissemination of this was improved. Structured board dinners withal took place during the year w here(predicate) matters such as dodging were discussed (Anglo American 2011). This translates unspoiled corporate system by Anglo American as areas of the blood which collect work are macrocosm identified by the company and being acted upon accordingly to improve the military unitiveness and control. The Anglo American board is chaired by Sir fundament Parker and consists of two executive and eight non-executive directors. 0% of this board it made up by women, this suggests that the Anglo American board could be more diverse. In the current cable economy, Regulators, politicians and apportionowners are each stepping up pressure on companies for greater boarddiversityas part of a drive for better disposal (Robertson 2012). The Lord Davies Women on calling cards report set a target of 25% minimum of board members to be female by 2015. Anglo American stated in their annual report their in hug drugtion to affix the representation of women on the Board from 20% to about 30% by 2013 (Anglo American 2011), which is two years below the national expectation.This is an example of corking corporate governance by Anglo American as it is adhering to policies and targets which are not compulsory and also has disclosed in its annual statement, its incoming intentions to increase diversity in the boardroom. Anglo American also has a nomination committee which aim is to build on the existing diversity of the board by identifying and nominating suitably qualified candi dates (Anglo American 2011). This is viewed as being trusty corporate governance by the company as Anglo American is making sure before directors are appointed that they are right for the job and the better(p) candidate is chosen.To do this, they are giveing both men and women for the job roles which is widening the talent pool. The Government passed the UK Bribery Act 2010, under this act the defencefor a company against this liability is to prove that it had qualified procedures in place to prevent transplant (Wilkinson 2010). To comply with this act, Anglo American break implemented the requisite procedures to ensure that its business integrity form _or_ system of government operates launchively, so the risk of bribery is minimised as far as possible (Anglo American 2011).During the year, Anglo American actual enhanced guidelines on the credence and provisions for gifts and entertainment and provided specific guidance on the procedures to be followed where risks were c onsidered higher. This is a good example of corporate governance as this would reflect positively for personaholders and effectiveness sendors, as new laws are being adhered to. In accordance with the UK Corporate Governance Code, Anglo American continue to propose the re-election of all its directors on an annual base (Anglo American 2011), which ensures good corporate governance, as directors impart always be of the highest quality possible.Within Anglo American The study Committee plays a pivotal role in ensuring high standards of corporate governance and provides assurance to the Board on its reports to divvy upholders (Anglo American 2011). In Anglo American, the audit committee comprises of four independent non-executive directors. The audit committee is also charged with reviewing the results of the backbone risk management process, being involved in the risk management procedures of the company (Anglo American 2011).However, to improve the governance in this area Ang lo American could disclose the main risks to the company and the outline it has in place to serve up with these risks. The Audit committee is also responsible for the whistleblowing create mentally which the group has had in place for a be of years. It is designed to enable employees, customers, suppliers, managers or other stakeholders, on a mystic basis, to raise concerns in cases where conduct is deemed to be contrary to our prises (Anglo American 2011).This shows good corporate governance as there is a programme which has been set up by the group where stakeholders, can report failures and discrepancies within the company, to independent non-executive directors. However, Anglo American could disclose the procedures which are to be followed when issues are reported. Within Anglo American, the board delegates trustworthy responsibilities to a consider of committees these include the Remuneration committee, Nomination committee and Audit committee.In coherence with the UK c ombined decree of corporate governance there should be a formal and transparent procedure for developing policy on executive remuneration and fixing individuals directors remuneration packages, no director should be involved in deciding their own remuneration (FRC 2012). Anglo Americans remuneration committee proves advice from away advisers Price piddlehouse Coopers LLP, Linklaters LLP, Mercer Limited and Deloitte LLP, to help determine the directors remuneration packages.Anglo American describes its policy as being formulated to attract and retain high-calibre executives and to motivate them to develop and implement the Companys business strategy in order to optimise bulky-term shareholder set creation (Anglo American 2011). The remuneration integrate is an weighty part of good corporate governance as it ensures that the company has an appropriate blend of staple fiber and implementation related unloosen out as the remuneration committee will see as suitable.This will e nsure that the directors will strive to achieve the main goal of increasing shareholder wealth. At the present time, directors remuneration is calculated on the industry median for the mining sector and is adjusted by the directors performance and finger. Anglo American could improve their corporate governance by mise en scene directors remuneration packages at the industry averages altogether. Within Anglo American, each executive directors total remuneration consists of basic salary, annual bonus, long-term incentives and bring ins.This ensures that an appropriate balance is moderateed between firm and performance-related remuneration (Anglo American 2011). However, the sheer value of some of the bonus packages is seeming to restore shareholders wealth and the willingness for potential investors to invest. An article from the Telegraph explains that the chief executive of Anglo American was handed a 38 per cent increase in pay last year, with a total package worth ? 2. 17m, however the cash cistron of her annual performance bonus was increase by 134 per cent to ? 962,000.Never the less, at this time shares in Anglo American fell by 14 per cent over the course of 2011 (White 2012). This could be viewed as bad corporate governance by the company as despite the share hurt falling the chief executives pay has been dramatically change magnitude. To help the directors ensure they nonplus a meaningful stake in the performance of the company, in 2004 the remuneration committee devised a Bonus divide Plan (BSP), which requires executive directors to invest a significant proportion of their remuneration in shares (Anglo American 2011).This demonstrates good corporate governance, as it aligns the directors interests with that of the shareholders, reducing the agency problem. The bonus share plan also weakens independence of the directors within the company, as it is giving them greater interest within the company on a personal take aim. Training is sp ined to new directors in order to develop a comprehensive view of Anglo Americans company, round-the-clock training is also available to directors throughout their employment.However, the governance could be improved by disclosing in the annual report the nature and the schedule of the training, so the stakeholders know what is being covered in the induction training. Within the annual report for Anglo American there is a statement of directors responsibilities, which sets out what is expected of the directors. The board should present a balanced, true and bazaar view of the companys position and prospects. Under company law the directors should not approve the accounts unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the affairs of Anglo American.This shows good corporate governance from the company as in the annual report it breaks down the directors responsibilities, however this could be improved by giving details to the users of the annual reports about what r esponsibilities each director has. A breakdown of the separation of roles between the chairwoman and director could also be disclosed in the annual report, which will ensure that one person is not given too oftentimes power which could prove to be very untamed for Anglo American.The skills and knowledge of all the board members are summarised in the annual report, to give the shareholders and stakeholders an idea of their previous experience and the wealth of knowledge they bring to Anglo American, which shows good corporate governance by the company. Overall Anglo American shows good corporate governance with compliance to the UK combined code of corporate governance. The company has disclosed majority of information that could improve by disclosing the strategies in place, especially for the risk management prospective and its whistleblowing and training schemes.Stating the responsibilities of the chairman and chief executives would also ensure that corporate governance is bein g applied at a continuous high aim. Stakeholders UK corporate law requires companies to be principally accountable to their shareholders. However, Anglo American believe that their shareholders outflank interests are served when the company makes sure all appropriate stakeholders are kept happy, not just the shareholders (Anglo American 2011).It is in all stakeholders best interests that the company not only survives, but flourishes long term, Anglo American because seek to be the partner of choice for its stakeholders by ope place in a way that is acceptable to them all (The propagation 2012a). Anglo American require their stakeholders to support them in order to meet the organisations objectives, for example treating staff well and respecting local communities, will make it easier to recruit new people necessary for growth.In the long term, this will create more value for shareholders. Employees are possibly the most important stakeholder for Anglo American, employing approxi mately 100,000 people around the world (Anglo American 2012c), however work within the mining industry has been voted one of the top ten most dangerous jobs (Korch 2012). To help protect this stakeholder group, Anglo American has adopted strict health and safety device regulations which are sketch in the safety way, ensure that employees on the job(p) conditions are as safe as they can possibly be. The safety way is a comprehensive framework of roles and responsibilities supported by a set of safety principles and mandatory safety standards (Anglo American 2012b). The strategy outlines Anglo Americans risk-based approach to safety based on ten key factors that support effective safety management leadership, risk management, culture, competence, assurance, monitoring, planning, standards, communications and learning (Anglo American 2012b). Employees in management positions are also seen as stakeholders within Anglo American, as they are esponsible for making key business determi nations within the company and without the relevant information they will not be able to make trustworthy decisions. Unions are a very important stakeholder for Anglo American as they try to make the employees time whilst working for Anglo American as safe and as beneficial as possible. Previously, Anglo American contain clashed with unions and issues oblige been raised, as seen in The Telegraph (2011), resulting in negative media interest and damaging the reputation of the company (White 2011). This, in turn, has a negative impact on all stakeholders within the company.In 2010, Anglo American received an Employer incentive award for good performance repayable to their sound labour relations with trade unions, as well as the carrying out and enforcement of sound occupational health and safety practices and initiatives at the South African trade unions solidarity awards for 2010 (Anglo American 2012k). Examples of some of the trade unions that are recognised within Anglo America n are The interior(a) Union of Metalworkers of South Africa, The National Union of Mineworkers, The United Association of South Africa and The Togetherness Amalgamated Workers Union of South Africa.Activist groups can be classed as stakeholders, as mining involves using the worlds natural resources and in some cases can lead to long term damage to the environment. Such groups are passionate about protecting the environment and if they tactile property that Anglo American are not protecting the environment enough, they put pressure on the company. On 28 Sep 2012, War on Want released an article discussing the miners strikes in South Africa and the miserable working conditions of the employees (War on Want 2012).This could create negative publicity and disrupt operations, therefore bear on shareholder wealth. In response to these activist groups, Anglo American has recently developed a Socio-Economic Assessment Toolbox (SEAT) as a means of further improving the impact of its acti vities, e. g. setting up training programmes for local communities (The propagation 2012b). The contractors that work on the various sites across the globe are also seen as stakeholders within Anglo American, as they carry out the majority of the work on civil engineering projects, such as jibe new mines.Contractors are important stakeholders in Anglo American as they have a lot of responsibilities when chore projects and if these are not carried out properly, then problems can arise. If quality standards were compromised, due to disillusioned contractors, then this could have health and safety consequences in the future. Contractor management is also an important consideration when using contractors as extraneous stakeholders, for example local communities may accuse Anglo American of poor social performance associated with these contractors.This is the driveway that the social impact of contractors on the local area is managed professionally. Customers are a alert stakehold er within Anglo American, but due to the nature of the industry, the majority of Anglo Americans customers are countries, China is a key customer of Anglo Americans products (Anglo American 2012m). Anglo American has many different key performance indexs (KPI), divided into investing in world class summations in the most attractive commodities, ope order safely, sustainably and responsibly, employing the best people and organising efficiently and effectively (Anglo American 2011).One of the main operating KPIs is the work related dark soil frequency rate (FIFR). FIFR is calculated as the number of fatal injuries to employees or contractors per 200,000 hours worked (Anglo American 2011). This information is most relevant to the employees of Anglo American, and the unions representing them, as they are the ones who are directly affected by the injuries of co-workers. The FIFR for 2011 shows a small increase in fatalities from 15 to 17, however, in 2009 there were over 50 fataliti es which shows that Anglo American is implementing the correct strategies in order to minimise these fatalities.Despite the downward trend, Anglo American targets 0 fatalities, showing that Anglo American show a keen interest in their employees welfare. Another operating KPI is the lost time injury frequency rate (LTIFR), which is the amount of lost time from injuries (LTIs) per 200,000 hours worked (Anglo American 2011). An LTI is an injury which leaves the employee unable to perform their steadfast duties for a the close after the injury was incurred (Anglo American 2011).If Anglo-American have a higher FIFR or LTIFR than the industry average, it may put off possible employees from applying for a position, which could result in the company not being able to employ the most knowledgeable people, which can have a negative impact on shareholder wealth. Another operating KPI is greenhouse gas emissions which is measured in CO2 equivalent emissions (Anglo American 2011). Environmenta l activist groups, such as Greenpeace, are liable(predicate) to be interested in this key performance indicator as greenhouse gases are very calumniatory to the atmosphere and have been think with global warming.The annual report from 2011 shows a reduction in Greenhouse gas emissions than in 2010, signifying that Anglo American are moving in the right direction in terms of reducing their carbon footprint. bestow water supply use is another operating KPI and includes water used for primary activities, which affect the people who function in the area surrounding the mine. Some of the regions that Anglo American work in, have sparse water supplies and therefore any water used by the company may result in less water for the local communities.Reducing this KPI is important to Anglo American, as if this is not managed it may put off potential employees within these communities from applying for a position within the firm, and may give Anglo American a bad reputation. The final key operating KPI is Enterprise Development, which is is defined as the number of companies supported and number of jobs sustained by companies supported by Anglo American enterprise development initiatives (Anglo American 2011). The stakeholder that is most closely linked to this key performance indicator would be the local community in which Anglo American operates.Results from this KPI show that Anglo American is currently supporting 38,681 businesses which is much higher than their target of 3,500 businesses (Anglo American 2011). A key KPI relating to employing the best people is voluntary labour turnover, which is the number of permanent employee resignations as a percentage of total permanent employees (Anglo American 2011). In 2011, the percentage of employees who resigned was 3% which shows a precipitate of 2. 3% from the previous year (Anglo American 2011).This shows the company is striving to improve employee morale and employee working conditions. This KPI is important for the employees of the company, as it indicates the number of people who may have been unhappy within their work. An important employment KPI in recent times is gender diversity, which represents the percentage of women and female managers employed by Anglo American (Anglo American 2011). In 2011, the group managed to increase the percentage of female employees from 14% to 15% and the total number of female managers from 14% to 21%.This KPI can be linked to both the employees and unions of the company, as both motive to make sure Anglo American has equal opportunities for both genders in order to create a consonant working environment. The first organising efficiently and effectively KPI is asset optimization, which is defined as the sustainable operating profit benefit from optimised performance of the asset base of the core businesses (Anglo American 2011). An asset optimisation strategy is comprised of asset management and asset monitoring and a well organised strategy can reduc e avertible maintenance and interruption times.Managers of Anglo American will be interested in an effective asset optimisation strategy, as it will allow them to make effective decisions with regards to the best method of maintaining and using the companys assets. The other organising KPI is the supply chain, which is the operating pro? t and capital spend bene? ts to Anglo American resulting from centralised procurement from core businesses (Anglo American 2011). An effective method of managing the supply chain is by local procurement, as it saves enthral costs by supplying across the world.Therefore, managers of Anglo American will be interested in this KPI as it allows the company to build relationships with key contractors/ suppliers that can produce mutually beneficial outcomes. The results for the most recent financial year show an gain to the supply chain of $472 million from the previous year. In the annual report Anglo American also have a section of investment KPIs, th ese include return on capital employed and underlying profit per share. The results from the annual report show an increase in both KPIs from 2010 to 2011, 24. 8% to 26. 5% and $4. 13 to $5. 06 respectively.Investment KPIs are only relevant to shareholders. It enables shareholders to check how well Anglo American generates profit from the capital invested and provides them with a comparison to the previous year. Despite the fact that Anglo American has a passably extensive list of key performance indicators, there are other factors that have not been accounted for that would benefit the companys stakeholders. Antofagasta Plc. , another company within the mining sector, uses operational KPIs that state the volumes of the most important metals that has been mined during year and compared with previous years (Antofagasta 2011).Anglo American could create this form of KPI to ensure they increase the direct of production for the most important materials each year, which would be effi cacious to the majority of stakeholders as they would be able to see how much the company has expanded its production over the year. Contractors would be able to use this information to estimate how the level of production will increase over the following year to put forth enough resources in order to carry out any projects that Anglo American may have in the future. London Mining Plc. ave a KPI for number of employees trained, which gives the number of people who have undergone professional training within the year (London Mining 2011). Anglo American could use this as one of their KPIs to show whether the management have put to death the relevant training schemes for employees. Customers would be the most likely stakeholder to benefit from this KPI, as if there is a high number of people that have been professionally trained, it implies that their staff are trained to the highest standard and will have the correct knowledge needed in order to carry out best practice.Employees wo uld find this information useful to determine whether they might be entitled to be given professional training by the number of employees put on schemes within the year. hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh Financial Management Figure 1 shows Anglo American Plc. s share expense performance over the period 1 January to 30 September 2012 and the FTSE All Share performance. After analysing, it can be seen that both share hurt, and average share price of the FTSE All Share, have considerably similar movements over the given period with Anglo Americans share price being more erratic. picOn 6 January, Anglo American shareholders approved the change of holding from 45% to 85% of De Beers at the companys oecumenic meeting. During the meeting the chairman voiced his expectations for an increase in shareholder value due to the expertise and leadership of De Beers (Anglo American 2012a). This shareholder approval was expected to result in an increase in demand for shares, which is rep resented by the increase in share price between 9 January and 23 January. This movement in share price seems to be autonomous from the FTSE All Share which would aid our digest of this busy period as the event is internal to Anglo American.On 26 January Anglo American released their production report for the 4th quarter in 2011. Initially, the share price dropped from ? 27. 37 on 26 January to ? 26. 35 on 30 January which could have been due to the decrease in diamond and platinum production. This area of production is what the company is best known for, so a decrease in production of these would initially deter investors and create head for shareholders. between 30 January and 3 February the share price shot up by ? 2. 5 which sensory faculty that the shareholders had looked into the report further to see that the production of all other materials had increase, including nickel production increasing by 125% from the previous year (Anglo American 2012). From figure 1, it can be seen that this increase is reflected in the movement of the FTSE 100 which could suggest that there may be international factors also affecting Anglo American at this time. On 23 troop, Anglo American sold a 750m 10 year euro bond which could have been due to funds being needed more within the company (Euroweek 2012).Investing in the euro bond may have been to help create or strengthen set of the company, especially within Europe at this particular time of the European Sovereign Debt Crisis. As shown on figure 1 between 23 March and 29 March the share price fell dramatically. This could be due to shares being sold by shareholders that primarily invested in Anglo American, as they supported the Eurozone. On 1 June, Anglo American re-entered the euro bond food merchandise which several(prenominal) bankers speculated that they returned out of prudence Euroweek 2012). The share price shot back up, which could have been caused from the amount of demand for the deal, this suggested i nvestors were delight to see Anglo American again. Anglo American was in talks with Peru on 29 June in relation to a potential local sustainable development to accompany a mining project in the region, and had proposed a $118 million investment (Guerra 2012). $36. 9 million of the investment was budgeted to install a pumping system in to two of the countrys rivers (Guerra 2012).The fact they are supporting and helping Peru is a sign of good corporate social responsibility for shareholders and potential investors which resulted in a ? 0. 66 increase over 4 days. Between 10 August and 30 August, there is a noticeable decrease in the share price which would seem to be an internal factor as the FTSE All Share does not seem to follow suit during this period. An outside article was realised on the 10 August stating that Anglo American were dismissing claims that a shareholder spring was expected to occur which was broadcasted in the Telegraph (2012).The article in the Telegraph (2012) st ated that shareholders had contacted Sir John Parker, Chairman of Anglo American expressing their dissatisfaction with the chief operating officer, Cynthia Carroll. Sir John parker sided with the CEO which fuelled the shareholders to take their complaint to one of the companys directors. This highlighted to the shareholders the insufficiency of support they were receiving, which therefore could be the internal factor forcing the share price down.When comparing Anglo American with other companies within the mining industry, the movements in the FTSE share price are mirrored more closely by Antofagasta than Anglo American, which may suggest that their beta is closer to 1. pic Throughout the period analysed, the share price movements for Anglo American is preferably volatile in comparison to the FTSE All Share. Between 2 April and 7 June, the movement in share prices between both Anglo American and The FTSE is extremely similar with Anglo Americans movement being more responsive.This could signify that external factors affecting the whole market have affected Anglo American the same way but at a more severe rate, this is shown by their beta of 2. 08, see Appendix C. With the FTSE having a perfect market beta of 1 the beta value of Anglo American is in perfect correlation coefficient with the movement of share prices, see Appendix B, as in the majority of places the movement is the same but double as volatile. With the beta value being considerably higher than 1, shareholders or investors are likely to be risk seeking rather than risk averse.The further away from 0 the beta value is, the lour the shareholder value, but the potential for a high return is there. As seen in the London Business School Risk Measurement Services publication the commercial betas for the 3 quarters up to September 2012 are of a similar value, see Appendix C, with the average being 1. 55. This is significantly lower than our calculated beta of 2. 08. However the Risk Measurement Service uses estimates based on an analysis of shifting factors, and is therefore no way guaranteed (London Business School 2012), whereas the beta of 2. 8 was calculated based on weekly data taken from Thomson Analytics. Although the beta of 2. 08 is the less favourable one, it is the more accurate out of the 2 so will give a better indication of shareholder value and the risk an investor may take. Both betas are aggressive in relation to the market beta however the commercial advisement is less so. Unless a serious investor were to calculate the beta themselves, using actual data for the company, they would be likely to base an investment decision on estimated inaccurate beta values.A shareholders decision to invest can be influenced by another confounding multivariate, the companys investment rating. There are 3 main investment ratings that stakeholders use and rely upon these are ill-natureds, Standard & Poors (S&P) and Fitch. Anglo American are rated on Moodys with a long term inv estment rating of Baa1 and the equivalent long term rating on S&P of BBB+ which is noted to be a lower medium grade of investment. S&P define their BBB+ rating as the company having adequate capacity to meet financial commitments, but more subject to adverse sparing conditions (Standard and Poors 2012).Although Anglo Americans ratings could be higher they seem to be in a good stable financial position and therefore an attractive investment for potential shareholders. The short term ratings for Anglo American are of a some better position than the long term ratings, with Moodys being P-2, which implies they have a absolute ability to repay debt obligations (Moodys 2009). This shows the company is evenhandedly liquid giving reassurance to shareholders because if the company was to enter indifference there would be a higher chance of shareholders getting a return.The S&P faith rating for Anglo American was the same in 2011 as in 2012 with a long term rating of BBB+ and a short ter m rating of A-2 for both. This gives investors the security of Anglo Americans stable credit rating and in turn ability to pay off debt. Although investment ratings can be used to help determine whether to invest or not they should not be relied upon, as companies with the same rating do not have absolutely equal credit quality. It does not take into consideration external factors such as a change in money rates and it ignores the length of maturity. Dividends 2011 2010 ($) ($) Interim dividend 28 25 Recommended 46 40 final dividend Total dividends 74 65 Anglo American has a clear dividend policy in which a base dividend will either be increased or keep from year to year (Anglo American 2011).An interim dividend of 28 US cents per ordinary share was paid on 15 September 2011, and for the 2011 financial year The Board proposes a final dividend of 46 cents per share, giving a total dividend for the year of 74 cents, a 14% increase (Anglo American 2011) see figure 3. During t he year the Group paid dividends of $818 million to company shareholders, which is a huge increase on the $302 million paid out in 2010, and $1,404 million in dividends to non-controlling interests.Based on shares eligible for dividends at 31 December 2011, this will result in an estimated dissemination of $557 million of shareholders funds, of which $350 million will be distributed by the parent Company. The interim dividend for 2012 has increased by 14% to 32 cents per share, which continues their policy of a base dividend being sparingly adjusted after discussion to ensure the maintenance of their investment grade rating (Anglo American 2012n). Dividends are proposed to be paid out in cash and not scrip issues therefore the $557 million will be shown on the balance sheet, therefore affecting cash flows.Anglo American have a fairly attractive dividend yield of 3. 32% in 2011, when compared with other mining companies within the FTSE 100, see Appendix D. From the four companies a nalysed the dividend yield has increased from 2010 to 2011, apart from BHP Billiton. This suggests that either companies are issuing a higher divided or the value of shares has dropped. In Anglo Americans case the share price has fallen over the given period, but the annual dividend has also increased. As a percentage of earnings the dividend for 2011 was 14. 51%, which had increased from 11. 97% in 2010.Considering the high capital investments that Anglo American commit themselves to, this is fairly good proportion of earnings attributable to shareholders. The optimum dividend policy would offer shareholders a constant, steady dividend paid at regular intervals now rather than later this is exactly what Anglo American has to offer. However due to the Groups aggressive investment plans for future growth, which includes three major projects Barro Alto, Los Bronces and Kolomela, the constant regular dividend policy is likely to discontinue or at least come under discussion at board m eetings.Shareholders have questioned the decision to invest money into these projects, CEO Cynthia Carroll has announced that the 3 projects and another one expected to commence in 2013 will contribute $6bn to dividend pay-outs. Although the expected change in dividend policy has undoubtedly caused controversy with shareholders, the company has proved that investment into new projects is necessary to maintain a high profit and continue to pay a regular dividend in the future (Vuuren 2011).Over the past few years Anglo American have had a squiffy, fairly positive balance of debt and loveliness, which has allowed them to have the flexibility to attain more finance when necessary. Net debt at 30 June 2012, including related hedges, was $3,124 million which was an increase of $1,750 million from the net debt at 31 December 2011. Net debt at 31 December 2011 comprised $12,873 million of debt, partially offset by $11,732 million of cash and cash equivalents (Anglo American 2011).Howeve r a dramatic net debt decrease of $6,010 million occurred from 31 December 2010 to 31 December 2011 which reflects severe operating cash flows and proceeds on the disposal of 24. 5% of Anglo-American Sur (Anglo American 2011). Anglo American is funded principally by equity as shown by the debt and equity ratios in Appendix D. At 30 June 2012 for both $1 of capital invested by the shareholders $0. 655 is funded through debt, which is a slight improvement on the debt equity ratio of 0. 677 at 31 December 2011.The ratios indicate that the group should easily be able to generate enough cash to satisfy its debt obligations as the group has enough room to manoeuvre its current levels of finance. It is important that a companys debt-equity ratio is not too high as this can lead to increased interest payments and an enlarged risk of damaging their credit rating. This is perhaps the reason that the group made efforts to decrease the debt-equity ratio from 31 December 2010 from which it wa s 0. 755. Anglo American has a sound equilibrium between debt and equity as seen by the gearing calculations in Appendix D.Over the past two years, the figure has increased gradually from 45. 71% at 30 June 2010 to 50. 30% at 30 June 2012, which could be due to an increase in long term liabilities. The market value of equity has also increased but at a slightly lower rate, causing the gearing ratio to increase steadily. However, the value of equity is based on the market value of the shares at 30 September 2012 for each of the three years to ensure a more accurate comparison, so when considering each year in turn, it would not show the true value of gearing.Figure 3 shows the comparison of the percentage of gearing compared with the percentage of gearing using the market value of equity. Both show a similar pattern with gearing gradually increasing over the two years, but a steeper incline for the gearing based on the share price at that year. This could be a result of the share pri ce dramatically decreasing from 25. 26 at 30 September 2010 to 18. 17 at 30 September 2012, in turn giving a lower value of equity when using the market share price.Calculating the gearing using the share price at that time, rather than the market value today, shows the gearing in a way that the company would have wished to portray. Overall, it can be seen that the share price movements of Anglo American Plc. generally follow the market trend, signalling that external factors are the main influence on any change in share price. The erratic behaviour of Anglo Americans share price makes an investment in this company quite violent. For example a variation in the market share price due to a change in regulation is likely to have more of an effect on Anglo American as their beta value is 2. 8. To lower the risk they could strengthen themselves against external factors by introducing or improving their internal control systems, minimising their exposure to the external environment and i n turn great(p) their beta. The beta of Anglo American demonstrated by how the share price movement is generally the same as the market but exaggerated, which shows that it is an aggressive beta. When comparing with other companies in the mining sector Anglo Americans beta value is higher than most but not an anomaly, see Appendix C.All the companies within the mining sector in the FTSE 100 have a beta value higher than 1, making them all aggressive, risky investments, with Anglo American being one of the more risky pickaxes. Anglo American may seem quite risky when using the beta, however when considering this alongside the companys gearing it could be considered as an attractive less-risky investment. Anglo Americans gearing is fairly average, but it could be improved by minimising the amount of debt that contributes to the companys finance, also decreasing the debt equity ratio.Although the company may be seen as becoming increasingly highly geared, they are constantly investin g in new projects to increase shareholder wealth in the long term, which makes the level of gearing more acceptable. Anglo Americans investment rating is fairly high on Moodys credit rating table, which shows there are signs for improvement but also space for fault. The rating is based on many confounding variables, with Corporate Governance having a major influence on the overall rating. Although Anglo American has demonstrated fairly good corporate governance, there is still room for improvement in many areas.Another variable that could affect the rating is the dividend policy on offer to shareholders. Anglo American offer a very attractive policy with a base amount and regular payments, which is the optimum option for shareholders, as they know what to expect and when to expect it. After taking into account all aspects of the financial performance of the company, an investment in Anglo American would be recommended for a risk seeking investor expecting regular dividend payments. Anglo American is a worthy investment, as they have a number of new projects ined up for the future and have prove to have had huge success with previous projects, leading to satisfied shareholders. However, the value of Anglo American has declined over the period analysed, with the share price falling from 22. 29 to 18. 17, but this is forecast to increase over the near future due to all the projects recently invested in. If the global economy was to enter a double dip recession, Anglo American is not likely to be affected much by this, due to the strong commodity values and derivatives. Strategic ManagementAnglo American is currently one of the worlds top mining companies and has held this position for a number of years. Their main goal is to be the leading global mining company, becoming the investment, partner and employer of choice (Anglo American 2012f). A way in which Anglo American wish to become the global leading mining company is to outperform competition, by their struc ture of organising efficiently and effectively (Anglo American 2012l). They aim to achieve this from being more focused and performance orientated, and believes their Asset Optimisation (AO) programme will help to do this (The Times 2012).Anglo American wanted to enhance the health and performance of their operations, so designed an Asset Optimisation programme in order to achieve a holistic approach to this. It has allowed a more open working culture giving employees the encouragement to not only work together but contribute their own ideas to improve the business. A major contributor from the AO programme, that has added value across the group, is the development of the programme, in which it has been introduced into the day-to-day business of Anglo American.This programme has added value and strength to Anglo American as to date they have saved well over their target of $1 meg from their core operations and hope the strategy continues to present positive outcomes in the future ( The Times 2012). To improve efficiency, each individual area of production is focused on ominous its costs, such as lowering excessive waste or managing the usage of natural resources. Water is vital to Anglo American in order to carry out their operations and also for the communities around them, especially as some areas are the most ater-stressed regions in the world. To reduce water usage, a 10 year strategy is in place which involves making projects water resilient, investing in new engine room and building water infrastructure. By 2030, Anglo American hope to have reached the strategic objective of zero net water consumption. non only does this strategy improve the efficiency of production, it also engages with stakeholders, which in turn benefits the community (Anglo American 2012l) and will reduce the agency problem between directors and the local population.Investment is a strong part of Anglo Americans strategy, and they feel that the investments they have made into larg e scale assets, with long life cycles, have given them a clear advantage through the low costs attached to them. The commodities that Anglo American specialises in are those that they believe hold the best returns over a long period of time, and even during the fluctuations that occur over an economic cycle.Anglo American also offers derivatives of their commodities which is a good strategic decision for them to take, in the sense that they are guaranteed a certain level of return for those derivatives. However if the demand and in turn the price dramatically rises for those commodities Anglo American could receive lower than the market value at that time. Therefore the option to offer derivatives not only allows for the fortune of stability for an agreed amount of income, but also the threat to lose out on an increase of market value of that commodity. Operating safely, sustainably and responsibly is embedded in everything (Anglo American 2012l) that Anglo American does. Employee safety is a huge part of any decision made by the company and they are decided on reaching their goal of zero harm. The 5 years prior to Cynthia Carol becoming Anglo Americans CEO there was a total of nearly 200 fatalities, whereas the 5 years following her position as CEO the number of fatalities dropped to 77.This could be down to the change in strategy and how the importance and safety of employees was considered valuable to Cynthia this was demonstrated by her drastic decision in 2007 to close the Rustenburg mine instantly due to the risky nature of it (Carroll 2012). The health and wellbeing of employees was taken a step further when HIV/AIDS and general healthcare services were not only provided to employees but also their dependents, spouses and other stakeholders.This has been recognised as world class and has received a number of rewards for it, The Business Excellence Award for Best Workplace design being one of many (Engineering & Mining Journal 2009). Minimising the e ffect that their operations have on the environment is something that Anglo American also considers in detail. Over the years Anglo American have received a number of awards that prove their commitment to the environment, in 2011 they received the three out of four awards at the Three Nedbank metropolis Green Mining Awards.They were recognised for their rural research project at Sishen mine where management decisions were line up with the long term sustainability objectives of the Taolo Gaetsewe District and the surrounding region (Nedbank 2011). Anglo American hope that this project will make a positive difference to community development, and in turn bring them closer together, building deferent associations within the society they work in (Anglo American 2012l).They believe that this strategy along with strong governance and solid risk management will create trust amongst the company and its stakeholders and fundamentally enable the talking to of long term returns to sharehol ders (Anglo American 2012l). Employing the best people is vital to the success of the company and also to achieving their main goal of becoming the leading global mining company. How effectively Anglo American operates depends on the people they employee which in turn contributes to the reputation they have with investors, partners and potential employees (Anglo American 2012l).To attract the best employees to the company, Anglo American create a safe work place for all, have a clear strategy for success, offer stimulating work, are organised for effectiveness and efficiency and support employees in their career development (Anglo American 2012l). Not only does this strengthen the company, as employees have the help to progress and be motivated to progress and become the best employees, but it also offers opportunities for Anglo American to be the employer of choice.Although Anglo American has quite strong strategies in place, they should be alert of the external factors which are constantly changing that could affect these strategies or future strategies. Due to the many countries that Anglo American operates in, they need to constantly monitor each country to ensure they are aware of anything that could affect them, for example, a change in government may have a drastic effect on the way they operate in that country. This could be managed by strong internal controls and contingency plans to react to any change as quickly as possible.The minimum wage rate for each country is something that also needs to be monitored and adhered to as they differ dramatically between the countries Anglo American operate in. The minimum wage for Australia in 2011 was ? 10. 13 compared to Kenya which was ? 0. 61, which is a dramatic difference so is hard to monitor, but it is essential to ensure all the different countries regulations are adhered to (Wage indicator 2012). Governments have also started to impose super profit taxes, where mining royalties increased in Australia, Chile and South Africa.Companies are charged super profit taxes on revenue but now new legislation has been introduced where mining companies are charged on profits as well as revenue. To offset this, there are also discovery bonuses that Anglo American can be rewarded for, for purpose natural resources within a country (Deloitte 2010). Anglo American should carefully consider the environment and the areas affected by their actions. There is a constant concern from the public, as appreciation of the environment grows along with the awareness of the harmful effects that mining can have on their surroundings (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2006).Activities at ground level constantly have an impact on the surrounding area, as bore holes, access tracks and sometimes even helipads are required. If the areas affected are left un-rehabilitated, this can have a long term effect on the environment (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2006). Anglo American has a strategy in place that is recogn ised internationally, and assists any mine-closure planning. It focuses on the provision for finance necessary and rehabilitation for long term sustainability through addressing complex socio-economic, visible and bio-physical challenges (Anglo American 2012e).Stakeholder relations are constantly upheld throughout any project that Anglo American carries out this ensures they have constant feedback from the community, government bodies and any other stakeholders affected by their actions. Mining is always going to affect the environment and the local communities surrounding each project, but Anglo American has strong strategies in place to deal and cope with these affects to the best of their ability. It is important for Anglo American to value the importance of society.Employees, their communities, and the population of host countries are all part of the society that Anglo American should embrace. Every year Anglo American spend a percentage of their pre-tax profit on social invest ment projects and spend time working with communities (Anglo American 2012j). In 2011, Anglo American increased their Corporate Social Investment by 15. 8% to $128. 6 million. The Anglo American Group Foundation is their own venture that operates globally, offering returns to countries where projects are carried out (Anglo American 2012j).Education is a huge social aspect where grant funding is used assisting the development of maths, science and literacy as well as higher education and ensuring teachers are of a good quality. Health is also considered an important aspect on which to focus grant distribution, and Anglo American have a holistic approach when it comes to HIV/AIDS as not only do they supply internal counselling and testing but have also donated $4 million to external HIV/AIDS projects (Anglo American 2012j).Anglo American has outstanding generosity and strategies in place when it comes to the society and has strong and thorough planning for any operation carried out t o improve their relations with stakeholders. However community projects require creative marketing strategies and comprehensive business plans, and an external project consultant could be useful here (Engineering and Mining Journal 2012), to eliminate any bias, and to make society relations a major variable for any decisions made.A large proportion of Anglo Americans workforce and mining is carried out in Africa with nearly 1 billion people, Africa accounts for over a sixth of the worlds population, but generates only 4% of global electricity (Salaam 2007). Anglo American need a lot of electricity to carry out day to day activities and with the caudex of electricity available throughout Africa it was essential for Anglo American to find an alternative energy source due their large consumption of 102. 9 million gigajoules in 2011 (Anglo American 2011).In order for this level of energy to be available to them Anglo American have constructed five platinum based fuel cells which not o nly provides them with the necessary power for productivity but also provided a significant economic and environmental development opportunity for South Africa by facilitating the provision of clean, reliable and cost effective power (Anglo American 2012g). Anglo American consider technology and carbon reduction to be linked very closely and aim to have technology capable of running cost efficient, carbon neutral mines in 20 years (Anglo American 2012g).Although Anglo American have the aim in place to achieve this, a strategic report on how they aim to achieve it and a breakdown of steps, costs and research would be useful. It would not only be useful to the company and employees carrying out the strategy, but also for stakeholders, especially the African population and government. It may even be possible for the project to be supported, and maybe even assisted by the local Government to fight down forward the time scale. Being a multi-national company, Anglo American has to comply with many laws from each country they mine in.As well as these, some countries have individual legislation, which varies in different areas of the countries, USA & Canada (Garcia 2008). These can include environmental laws, e. g. water pollution, national laws e. g. minimum wages and safety laws. An example being that Anglo American has developed a safety and sustainable development committee in order to comply with South African safety law. This states that a company in South Africa must provide a committee with ambitions to initiate, develop, promote, maintain and review measures to ensure health and safety (Boshoff 2012).By having a safety committee they can try to minimise the lost time fatality rate and try to achieve their overall goal of zero fatalities within any Anglo American workplace. Anglo American has a sound collection of strategies in place to deal with external factors but it is also important for that they have strategies in place for internal factors. Figure 5 sh ows a value chain of Anglo American and allows for the internal factors that Anglo American could be affected by to be recognised. bag A multinational conglomerate with joint projects and subsidiaries.De Beers being the largest subsidiary of many. Extremely high capital investment, with loads of projects. Primary listing on LSE, secondary on JSE. Human Resources Diversity among workforce across all levels of employment. Committed to International Labour Organisation. Development of talent remains a key priority. Technology search and develop their own technology. Link development of new technology with the ability for carbon reduction. Procurement have a local procurement policy engaging local businesses in supply chain.Expect all suppliers to operate safely, sustainably and responsibly. Prefer suppliers who are engaged in China sourcing. Inbound Logistics Operations Diamond, Outbound Logistics Marketing and gross sales De BeersService To maintain partner with Chinese n ickel, copper, iron 40% of worlds platinumhave their own diamond the sites. Mines need suppliers to operate and ore, thermal coal and output. Own 85% of De auction and shops. 70% of to be maintained by maintain complex productsplatinum mining. Beers, the global platinum consum